Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Sep 2021
Citations:25
Influential Citations:1
Systematic Reviews / Meta-Analyses
84
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Methods
Eight randomized controlled trials in COPD patients (n=418; mean age 67.3 years, SD 10.2). Participants included stable COPD, acute-exacerbating COPD, and ICU-mechanically ventilated COPD, with some enrolled cachectic/malnourished individuals. Study design: randomized controlled trials; languages English or Chinese.
Intervention
Omega-3 fatty acids delivered via oral or enteral nutritional supplements (ONS/ENS). Regimens varied across eight COPD trials: durations ranged from 4 weeks to 36 months; daily doses ranged from 0.6 g to 3 g; regimens included ~2000 mg/day DHA+EPA, 1.1 g EPA/day, or 340 mg/day in purified/standardized formulations. Administered as part of standardized nutritional support (some combined with other nutrients).
Results
Compared with placebo, Omega-3 supplementation was associated with weight gain (mean difference 0.25, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.48; P=0.03), higher LDL (0.70, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.10; P<0.001), and reduced IL-6 (−0.32, 95% CI −0.60 to −0.05; P=0.02). No significant differences were found for lung function, 6-minute walk distance, or quality of life. Interpret with caution due to limited and heterogeneous evidence; overall effects on COPD outcomes are not clearly favorable.
Limitations
Small number of trials with diverse regimens and populations; variable outcome reporting; short durations and incomplete reporting of key measures; potential risk of bias due to allocation concealment and possible industry funding; inability to draw firm conclusions about long-term clinical benefits.

Abstract

Purpose Omega-3 fatty acid is an emerging hotspot on anti-inflammation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known as a chronic inflammatory disease. The effect of Omega-3 fatty acid supplement on patients with COPD remains mixed for in...