Mitochondria-ATP

• Vitamin C

  100 mg

  Ingredient research · Vitamin C

  Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble nutrient that supports collagen production, antioxidant defenses, and the normal function of immune cells. Supplementation reliably prevents or corrects deficiency, can improve absorption of plant-based iron, and may modestly shorten the duration of common colds when taken regularly.

  • Supports lower common-cold risk during brief periods of severe physical exercise or cold stress.
  • Supports circulating Vitamin C status across studied healthy and clinical populations.
  • Supports short-term blood-pressure and endothelial-function outcomes in studied adults.
  • Supports fasting-glucose and HbA1c outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes.

  Top References

  • Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold.
  • Effect of Dietary or Supplemental Vitamin C Intake on Vitamin C Levels in Patients with and without Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review
  • High-dose vitamin C supplementation increases skeletal muscle vitamin C concentration and SVCT2 transporter expression but does not alter redox status in healthy males.
  • Effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
  • Effect of vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation on endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
  • Effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
  • Effect of vitamin C on inflammation and metabolic markers in hypertensive and/or diabetic obese adults: a randomized controlled trial
  • Supplementation of Vitamin C Reduces Blood Glucose and Improves Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study

• Vitamin E(Vitamin E (Form: as D-Alpha Tocopheryl Succinate))

  17 mg

  Ingredient research · Vitamin E

  Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage and supports normal immune and nerve function. Supplementation is most useful for preventing or correcting deficiency, particularly when fat absorption is impaired; routine use has not shown broad protection against cardiovascular disease or cancer.

  • Supports improvement in liver histology in adults without diabetes who have biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
  • Supports lower CRP and malondialdehyde in studied adult populations, including people receiving hemodialysis.
  • Supports short-term improvements in fasting glucose and HbA1c in adults with type 2 diabetes.

  Top References

  • Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
  • The effect of vitamin E supplementation on selected inflammatory biomarkers in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
  • The effects of vitamin E supplementation on malondialdehyde as a biomarker of oxidative stress in haemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  • Effect of supplementation with tomato juice, vitamin E, and vitamin C on LDL oxidation and products of inflammatory activity in type 2 diabetes.
  • Antioxidant effects of vitamins in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

• Thiamine(Thiamin (Form: as Thiamin HCl) (Alt. Name: B1))

  10 mg

  Ingredient research · Thiamine

  Thiamine is vitamin B1, an essential nutrient that helps convert carbohydrates into usable energy and supports normal nerve and heart function. Supplementation reliably prevents or corrects deficiency, with particular relevance when absorption or intake is impaired, including in chronic heavy alcohol use.

  • Supports depression-treatment response when used alongside standard antidepressant treatment.

  Top References

  • Adjuvant thiamine improved standard treatment in patients with major depressive disorder: results from a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial

• Riboflavin

  7.5 mg

  Ingredient research · Vitamin B2

  Vitamin B2 is riboflavin, an essential nutrient that helps enzymes release energy from food and supports normal red blood cell, skin, and nervous-system function. Supplementation reliably prevents or corrects deficiency, and regular use can reduce migraine frequency and severity in some people.

  • Supports blood-pressure control in treated hypertensive adults with the MTHFR 677TT genotype.

  Top References

  • Riboflavin offers a targeted strategy for managing hypertension in patients with the MTHFR 677TT genotype: a 4-y follow-up.
  • Blood Pressure in Treated Hypertensive Individuals With the MTHFR 677TT Genotype Is Responsive to Intervention With Riboflavin: Findings of a Targeted Randomized Trial

• Niacin(Niacin (Form: as Niacinamide))

  17.5 mg

  Ingredient research · Niacin

  Niacin is vitamin B3, essential for enzymes that convert food into energy and support normal skin and nervous-system function. Supplementation prevents or corrects deficiency; in high-dose nicotinic acid form it can alter cholesterol and triglycerides, but this pharmacologic use is distinct from routine nutritional supplementation.

  • Supports favorable changes in selected cholesterol fractions, including LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol, in studied metabolic and diabetes populations.
  • Supports favorable fasting-triglyceride changes in studied adults with diabetes or metabolic dysregulation.

  Top References

  • Effectiveness of niacin supplementation for patients with type 2 diabetes
  • Effect of niacin on lipids and glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials.
  • Niacin induces miR-502-3p expression which impairs insulin sensitivity in human adipocytes
  • Postprandial triglyceride responses to aerobic exercise and extended-release niacin.

• Magnesium(Magnesium (Form: as Magnesium Citrate, Magnesium Malate))

  50 mg

  Ingredient research · Magnesium

  Magnesium is an essential mineral that enables normal muscle and nerve function, energy production, heart rhythm, and bone maintenance. Supplements can correct low magnesium status and, depending on the formulation, may also help with constipation, muscle cramps, or migraine prevention in some people.

• Kre-Alkalyn

  375 mg

• Acetyl-L-Carnitine(Acetyl-L-Carnitine Note: free-form)

  250 mg

  Ingredient research · Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride

  Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride is a salt form that delivers acetyl-L-carnitine, a carnitine derivative involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism that can reach the brain; the hydrochloride does not confer a separate health effect. It is mainly supplemented for possible benefits to nerve function, neuropathic pain, mental fatigue, and mood, while cognitive benefits in healthy people remain uncertain.

• Trans-Resveratrol(Trans-Resveratrol (Form: from Japanese Knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) extract PlantPart: root Genus: Polygonum Species: cuspidatum))

  25 mg

  Ingredient research · Resveratrol

  Resveratrol is a plant polyphenol that influences cellular stress-response and metabolic signaling, driving interest in it as a healthy-aging supplement. It may modestly support blood-vessel function and some markers of glucose control, but broad anti-aging effects or reliable prevention of cardiovascular disease have not been demonstrated.

  • Supports glycemic markers in adults with type 2 diabetes.

  Top References

  • Role of resveratrol supplementation in regulation of glucose hemostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
  • Efficacy of Resveratrol Supplementation on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

• Grape (Vitis vinifera) extract(Grape (Vitis vinifera) extract (Form: standardized to contain 92% Polyphenols) PlantPart: seed Genus: Vitis Species: vinifera)

  50 mg

• N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine(N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Note: free-form)

  50 mg

  Ingredient research · NAC

  NAC is a cysteine derivative that helps replenish glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant, and also thins mucus by breaking bonds in its proteins. As a supplement, it may support antioxidant defenses and respiratory health; acetylcysteine also has established medical uses as a mucolytic and as an antidote for acetaminophen poisoning.

  • Supports glutathione and antioxidant-defense measures.
  • Supports depressive symptoms and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
  • Supports cannabis-use, craving, and abstinence outcomes.
  • Evidence supports kidney-function and injury-marker outcomes in clinical treatment settings.
  • Supports hearing-loss and ototoxicity outcomes in noise- and medication-exposure settings.

  Top References

  • N-Acetylcysteine effects on glutathione and glutamate in schizophrenia: A preliminary MRS study
  • Oral N-acetylcysteine reduces plasma homocysteine concentrations regardless of lipid or smoking status.
  • N‐acetylcysteine prevents glutathione decrease and does not interfere with paracetamol antinociceptive effect at therapeutic dosage: a randomized double‐blind controlled trial in healthy subjects
  • Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of schizophrenia
  • N‐acetylcysteine for depression and glutamate changes in the left prefrontal cortex in adolescents and young adults at risk for bipolar disorder: A pilot study
  • N-acetyl cysteine in the treatment of cannabis use disorder: A systematic review of clinical trials.
  • A double-blind randomized controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine in cannabis-dependent adolescents.
  • N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency or diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  • A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial of N-acetylcysteine for preventing amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine in preventing aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity: implications for the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB
  • Protective effects of vitamins/antioxidants on occupational noise‐induced hearing loss: A systematic review
  • Efficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine in prevention of noise induced hearing loss: A randomized clinical trial

• Alpha Lipoic Acid

  50 mg

  Ingredient research · Alpha-Lipoic Acid

  Alpha-Lipoic Acid is a sulfur-containing compound that helps mitochondrial enzymes turn nutrients into energy and can also regenerate antioxidants. As a supplement, it may ease pain, burning, or numbness from diabetic peripheral neuropathy, while proposed benefits for blood sugar control and other oxidative-stress-related conditions are less certain.

  • Supports selected glucose, HbA1c, and fasting-insulin markers, especially in adults with metabolic conditions.
  • Supports total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride markers in adults.
  • Supports body-weight, body-mass-index, and waist-circumference measures in adults.
  • Supports endothelial-function and blood-flow measures in adults with vascular or metabolic risk.
  • Supports selected peripheral-neuropathy symptoms in adults receiving paclitaxel or living with diabetic neuropathy.

  Top References

  • The effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on glucose control and lipid profiles among patients with metabolic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
  • An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of the effects of α-lipoic acid supplementation on glycemic markers in adults.
  • Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation effect on glycemic and inflammatory biomarkers: A Systematic Review and meta- analysis.
  • Effect of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.
  • Alpha-lipoic acid supplement in obesity treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
  • Role of alpha-lipoic acid in vascular function: A systematic review of human intervention studies
  • Role of alpha-lipoic acid in counteracting paclitaxel- and doxorubicin-induced toxicities: a randomized controlled trial in breast cancer patients
  • Therapeutic effects of dietary antioxidative supplements on the management of type 2 diabetes and its complications; umbrella review of observational/trials meta-analysis studies

• Kaneka Ubiquinol(Kaneka Ubiquinol (Form: active antioxidant form of Coenzyme Q10))

  25 mg

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