Hist Reset

• Vitamin C

  250 mg

  Ingredient research · Vitamin C

  Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble nutrient that supports collagen production, antioxidant defenses, and the normal function of immune cells. Supplementation reliably prevents or corrects deficiency, can improve absorption of plant-based iron, and may modestly shorten the duration of common colds when taken regularly.

  • Supports lower common-cold risk during brief periods of severe physical exercise or cold stress.
  • Supports circulating Vitamin C status across studied healthy and clinical populations.
  • Supports short-term blood-pressure and endothelial-function outcomes in studied adults.
  • Supports fasting-glucose and HbA1c outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes.

  Top References

  • Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold.
  • Effect of Dietary or Supplemental Vitamin C Intake on Vitamin C Levels in Patients with and without Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review
  • High-dose vitamin C supplementation increases skeletal muscle vitamin C concentration and SVCT2 transporter expression but does not alter redox status in healthy males.
  • Effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
  • Effect of vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation on endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
  • Effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
  • Effect of vitamin C on inflammation and metabolic markers in hypertensive and/or diabetic obese adults: a randomized controlled trial
  • Supplementation of Vitamin C Reduces Blood Glucose and Improves Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study

• Riboflavin

  5 mg

  Ingredient research · Vitamin B2

  Vitamin B2 is riboflavin, an essential nutrient that helps enzymes release energy from food and supports normal red blood cell, skin, and nervous-system function. Supplementation reliably prevents or corrects deficiency, and regular use can reduce migraine frequency and severity in some people.

  • Supports blood-pressure control in treated hypertensive adults with the MTHFR 677TT genotype.

  Top References

  • Riboflavin offers a targeted strategy for managing hypertension in patients with the MTHFR 677TT genotype: a 4-y follow-up.
  • Blood Pressure in Treated Hypertensive Individuals With the MTHFR 677TT Genotype Is Responsive to Intervention With Riboflavin: Findings of a Targeted Randomized Trial

• Niacin

  20 mg

  Ingredient research · Niacin

  Niacin is vitamin B3, essential for enzymes that convert food into energy and support normal skin and nervous-system function. Supplementation prevents or corrects deficiency; in high-dose nicotinic acid form it can alter cholesterol and triglycerides, but this pharmacologic use is distinct from routine nutritional supplementation.

  • Supports favorable changes in selected cholesterol fractions, including LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol, in studied metabolic and diabetes populations.
  • Supports favorable fasting-triglyceride changes in studied adults with diabetes or metabolic dysregulation.

  Top References

  • Effectiveness of niacin supplementation for patients with type 2 diabetes
  • Effect of niacin on lipids and glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials.
  • Niacin induces miR-502-3p expression which impairs insulin sensitivity in human adipocytes
  • Postprandial triglyceride responses to aerobic exercise and extended-release niacin.

• Molybdenum

  100 mcg

  Ingredient research · Molybdenum

  Molybdenum is an essential trace mineral that serves as a cofactor for enzymes involved in processing sulfites, sulfur-containing amino acids and purines. Because ordinary diets generally provide enough and deficiency is exceptionally rare, standalone supplementation has no clear practical benefit for most people, though it can restore status when intake or absorption is genuinely inadequate.

• N-Acetyl L-Cysteine

  100 mg

  Ingredient research · NAC

  NAC is a cysteine derivative that helps replenish glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant, and also thins mucus by breaking bonds in its proteins. As a supplement, it may support antioxidant defenses and respiratory health; acetylcysteine also has established medical uses as a mucolytic and as an antidote for acetaminophen poisoning.

  • Supports glutathione and antioxidant-defense measures.
  • Supports depressive symptoms and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
  • Supports cannabis-use, craving, and abstinence outcomes.
  • Evidence supports kidney-function and injury-marker outcomes in clinical treatment settings.
  • Supports hearing-loss and ototoxicity outcomes in noise- and medication-exposure settings.

  Top References

  • N-Acetylcysteine effects on glutathione and glutamate in schizophrenia: A preliminary MRS study
  • Oral N-acetylcysteine reduces plasma homocysteine concentrations regardless of lipid or smoking status.
  • N‐acetylcysteine prevents glutathione decrease and does not interfere with paracetamol antinociceptive effect at therapeutic dosage: a randomized double‐blind controlled trial in healthy subjects
  • Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of schizophrenia
  • N‐acetylcysteine for depression and glutamate changes in the left prefrontal cortex in adolescents and young adults at risk for bipolar disorder: A pilot study
  • N-acetyl cysteine in the treatment of cannabis use disorder: A systematic review of clinical trials.
  • A double-blind randomized controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine in cannabis-dependent adolescents.
  • N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency or diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  • A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial of N-acetylcysteine for preventing amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine in preventing aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity: implications for the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB
  • Protective effects of vitamins/antioxidants on occupational noise‐induced hearing loss: A systematic review
  • Efficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine in prevention of noise induced hearing loss: A randomized clinical trial

• Quercetin

  300 mg

  Ingredient research · Quercetin

  Quercetin is a plant flavonoid with antioxidant and inflammation-modulating activity, commonly taken for immune, cardiovascular, and allergy-related support. Human benefits appear modest and context-dependent: it may slightly improve blood pressure and some inflammatory markers, while its usefulness for preventing infections or relieving allergy symptoms remains uncertain.

  • Supports LDL and total-cholesterol markers in adults with metabolic disorders.
  • Supports selected insulin-sensitivity and adipokine markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
  • Supports disease-activity and joint-symptom measures in women with rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Supports neuromuscular recovery and selected muscle-damage markers after eccentric exercise.

  Top References

  • The effects of quercetin supplementation on lipid profiles and inflammatory markers among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  • Effects of Quercetin on Adiponectin-Mediated Insulin Sensitivity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial
  • The effects of quercetin supplementation on metabolic and hormonal parameters as well as plasma concentration and gene expression of resistin in overweight or obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome
  • The Effect of Quercetin on Inflammatory Factors and Clinical Symptoms in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
  • The Effects of Quercetin Supplementation on Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
  • Quercetin Supplementation Improves Neuromuscular Function Recovery from Muscle Damage

• Bromelain(2400 GDU/gram)

  200 mg

  Ingredient research · Bromelain

  Bromelain is a mixture of protein-digesting enzymes, not a single compound, whose proteolytic activity underlies its use as a digestive aid and its proposed anti-inflammatory effects. It may modestly ease swelling and discomfort following some surgeries and may benefit joint or sinus symptoms, though effects are context-dependent.

• Luteolin

  100 mg

  Ingredient research · Luteolin

  Luteolin is a plant flavonoid studied for antioxidant and inflammation-modulating effects on cellular signaling. These properties motivate its use for cognitive, immune and metabolic health, but supplementation has little established human benefit, and much of its promise comes from laboratory and animal research.

• Rutin

  100 mg

  Ingredient research · Rutin

  Rutin is a plant flavonoid made of quercetin linked to a sugar group, and is taken mainly for its antioxidant activity and proposed support of capillary and venous function. Unlike some modified rutosides, Rutin itself has limited human evidence for circulatory benefits, while broader cardiometabolic or anti-inflammatory uses remain speculative.

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