Multiminerals & Boron

• Calcium

  1000 mg

  Ingredient research · Calcium

  Calcium is an essential mineral that gives bones and teeth their structure and also enables muscle contraction and nerve signaling. Supplements are most useful for filling inadequate intake and, often alongside vitamin D, can help preserve bone mineral density and support fracture prevention in some higher-risk groups.

  • Supports bone-mineral-density outcomes in studied healthy children and older women.

  Top References

  • Effects of calcium supplementation on bone density in healthy children: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
  • The efficacy of calcium supplementation alone in elderly Thai women over a 2-year period: a randomized controlled trial

• Iron

  18 mg

  Ingredient research · Iron

  Iron is an essential mineral needed to make hemoglobin and carry oxygen throughout the body. Supplementation can reliably prevent or correct iron-deficiency anemia, helping restore energy, exercise capacity, and cognitive function when low iron is the cause; it is also commonly used when requirements rise, such as during pregnancy.

  • Supports hemoglobin and iron stores in menstruating women, especially when iron status is low.
  • Supports reduced subjective fatigue in iron-deficient adults without anemia.
  • Supports selected maximal and submaximal exercise-performance measures in women of reproductive age, particularly those who are iron-deficient or trained.
  • Supports selected attention and concentration outcomes in older children and women.

  Top References

  • Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women.
  • Efficacy of iron supplementation on fatigue and physical capacity in non-anaemic iron-deficient adults: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
  • Iron supplementation benefits physical performance in women of reproductive age: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
  • The effects of oral iron supplementation on cognition in older children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

• Iodine

  150 mcg

  Ingredient research · Iodine

  Iodine is an essential mineral the thyroid uses to make hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Supplementation reliably prevents or corrects iodine deficiency and is especially important when needs rise during pregnancy for fetal brain development, but excess intake can also disturb thyroid function.

  • Supports selected micronutrient and thyroid-status markers in iodine-deficient adults.

  Top References

  • Iodine Supplementation of Mildly Iodine-Deficient Adults Lowers Thyroglobulin: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
  • Iodine Supplementation Decreases Hypercholesterolemia in Iodine-Deficient, Overweight Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

• Magnesium

  500 mg

  Ingredient research · Magnesium

  Magnesium is an essential mineral that enables normal muscle and nerve function, energy production, heart rhythm, and bone maintenance. Supplements can correct low magnesium status and, depending on the formulation, may also help with constipation, muscle cramps, or migraine prevention in some people.

• Zinc

  30 mg

  Ingredient research · Zinc

  Zinc is an essential mineral needed for hundreds of enzymes, DNA and protein synthesis, immune defense, wound healing, and normal growth. Supplementation corrects low zinc status and helps restore these functions; certain zinc lozenges may also modestly shorten a common cold when used early, though this benefit depends on the formulation.

• Selenium

  200 mcg

  Ingredient research · Selenium

  Selenium is an essential trace mineral used to make antioxidant enzymes and regulate thyroid hormone activity, linking adequate intake to thyroid, immune, and reproductive function. Supplementation can correct low selenium status, but more is not necessarily better because excessive intake can be toxic.

  • Supports selected thyroid-autoantibody and TSH markers in studied people with autoimmune thyroiditis.
  • Supports selected antioxidant-defense biomarkers in studied metabolic, cardiovascular, and selenium-status populations.
  • Supports depression-symptom measures across a small selenium-specific randomized evidence base.

  Top References

  • Selenium Supplementation Significantly Reduces Thyroid Autoantibody Levels in Patients with Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
  • Effect of selenium on thyroid autoimmunity and regulatory T cells in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: A prospective randomized‐controlled trial
  • Effect of selenium supplementation on antioxidant markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  • The effect of selenium supplementation on coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
  • Methods of assessment of selenium status in humans: a systematic review.
  • The role of selenium in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human observational and interventional studies

• Copper

  2 mg

  Ingredient research · Copper

  Copper is an essential trace mineral used by enzymes that support iron metabolism, connective-tissue formation, energy production, antioxidant defense, and nervous and immune function. Supplementation can correct low copper status and related anemia or neurologic problems, but extra copper offers no established benefit when intake and status are adequate.

• Manganese

  10 mg

  Ingredient research · Manganese

  Manganese is an essential trace mineral that activates enzymes involved in energy metabolism, connective-tissue and bone formation, and antioxidant defense. Supplementation can restore these functions when intake is inadequate or deficiency is present, but added manganese has no clear general benefit for people who already get enough.

• Chromium

  200 mcg

  Ingredient research · Chromium

  Chromium is a trace mineral thought to assist insulin action and the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Supplements are mainly used to improve blood sugar control, though benefits are usually modest or inconsistent outside rare deficiency; the trivalent chromium in supplements is distinct from toxic industrial hexavalent chromium.

• Molybdenum

  100 mcg

  Ingredient research · Molybdenum

  Molybdenum is an essential trace mineral that serves as a cofactor for enzymes involved in processing sulfites, sulfur-containing amino acids and purines. Because ordinary diets generally provide enough and deficiency is exceptionally rare, standalone supplementation has no clear practical benefit for most people, though it can restore status when intake or absorption is genuinely inadequate.

• Potassium

  99 mg

  Ingredient research · Potassium

  Potassium is an essential electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance, nerve signaling, and muscle contraction, including the heartbeat. Supplementation is most useful for preventing or correcting low potassium when intake is inadequate or losses are increased, while adequate potassium intake also contributes to healthy blood pressure.

  • Supports blood-pressure control, particularly in adults with hypertension and higher sodium or lower potassium intake.
  • Supports selected vascular-function responses after high-sodium meals in healthy adults.

  Top References

  • The effect of potassium supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
  • Effect of sodium and potassium supplementation on vascular and endothelial function: a randomized controlled trial.
  • Postprandial effects of potassium supplementation on vascular function and blood pressure: a randomised cross-over study.

• Boron

  3 mg

  Ingredient research · Boron

  Boron is a trace element that may influence mineral metabolism and the actions of vitamin D and steroid hormones. Supplements are mainly considered for bone and joint health, but a distinct benefit in people with adequate diets has not been firmly established.

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