VITATOPS, the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke Trial: Rationale and Design of a Randomised Trial of B-Vitamin Therapy in Patients with Recent Transient Ischaemic Attack or Stroke (NCT00097669) (ISRCTN74743444)
- G. Hankey
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- A. Algra
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- C. Chen
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- M. C. Wong
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- R. Cheung
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- L. Wong
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- I. Divjak
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- J. Ferro
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- G. D. de Freitas
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- J. Gommans
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- S. Groppa
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- M. Hill
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- D. Spence
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- K. Lees
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- L. Lisheng
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- J. Navarro
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- U. Ranawaka
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- S. Ricci
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- R. Schmidt
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- A. Slivka
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- K. Tan
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- A. Tsiskaridze
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- W. Uddin
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- G. Vanhooren
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- D. Xavier
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- J. Armitage
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- M. Hobbs
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- M. Le
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- C. Sudlow
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- K. Wheatley
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- Q. Yi
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- M. Bulder
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- J. Eikelboom
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- W. K. Ho
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- K. Jamrozik
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- K. Klijn
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- E. Koedam
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- P. Langton
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- E. Nijboer
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- P. Tuch
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- J. Pizzi
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- M. Tang
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- M. Antenucci
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- Y. Chew
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- D. Chinnery
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- C. Cockayne
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- K. Loh
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- L. McMullin
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- F. Smith
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- S. Song
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies suggest that raised plasma concentrations of total homocysteine (tHcy) may be a common, causal and treatable risk factor for atherothromboembolic ischaemic stroke, dementia and depression. Although tHcy can be lower...
Background Epidemiological studies suggest that raised plasma concentrations of total homocysteine (tHcy) may be a common, causal and treatable risk factor for atherothromboembolic ischaemic stroke, dementia and depression. Although tHcy can be lowered effectively with small doses of folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6, it is not known whether lowering tHcy, by means of B vitamin therapy, can prevent stroke and other major atherothromboembolic vascular events. Aim To determine whether the addition of B-vitamin supplements (folic acid 2 mg, B6 25 mg, B12 500 μg) to best medical and surgical management will reduce the combined incidence of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and vascular death in patients with recent stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) of the brain or eye. Design A prospective, international, multicentre, randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Setting One hundred and four medical centres in 20 countries on five continents. Subjects Eight thousand (6600 recruited as of 5 January, 2006) patients with recent (7 months) stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic) or TIA (brain or eye). Randomisation Randomisation and data collection are performed by means of a central telephone service or secure internet site. Intervention One tablet daily of either placebo or B vitamins (folic acid 2mg, B6 25 mg, B12 500 μg). Primary outcome The composite of stroke, MI or death from any vascular cause, whichever occurs first. Outcome and serious adverse events are adjudicated blinded to treatment allocation. Secondary outcomes TIA, unstable angina, revascularisation procedures, dementia, depression. Statistical power With 8000 patients followed up for a median of 2 years and an annual incidence of the primary outcome of 8% among patients assigned placebo, the study will have at least 80% power to detect a relative reduction of 15% in the incidence of the primary outcome among patients assigned B vitamins (to 6·8%/year), applying a two-tailed level of significance of 5%. Conclusion VITATOPS aims to recruit and follow-up 8000 patients between 1998 and 2008, and provide a reliable estimate of the safety and effectiveness of folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 supplementation in reducing recurrent serious vascular events among a wide range of patients with TIA and stroke throughout the world.