Maternal use of dietary supplements during pregnancy is not associated with coeliac disease in the offspring: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study

Study answer

What this study found

Maternal vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and iron supplementation during pregnancy did not significantly modify offspring risk of CDA or coeliac disease (CD) by age 6. In adjusted models, vitamin D use (any vs none) showed a borderline increased risk for CDA in the binary analysis (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.00–1.32; P = 0.04) but not in continuous (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.94–1.02; P = 0.32) or ordinal analyses (HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.98–1.17; P = 0.15). No associations were found for n-3 fatty acids or iron with CDA or CD. Conclusion: Prenatal supplementation may boost nutrient intake but is unlikely to modify…

Study & population

International multicenter longitudinal prospective observational study (TEDDY) across six clinical centers in the USA (Colorado, Georgia, Washington) and Finland, Germany, Sweden.

Intervention

Vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acid, and iron supplements taken orally during pregnancy for the duration of pregnancy; cumulative intake across pregnancy: Vitamin D 2014 μg; omega-3 fatty acids 111 g; iron 8806 mg.

Key limitation

Observational design; reliance on self-reported supplement use with potential recall bias; limited dietary data from foods; cross-country variation in supplementation; relatively few iron non-users may affect estimates; analyses focused on prenatal exposure; no data on iron supplementation in childhood; outcomes…

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Original abstract