Research paper

Maternal diet alters human milk oligosaccharide composition with implications for the milk metagenome

Scientific Reports

Dec 2020

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79022-6

Citations: 114

Influential: 8

Observational Studies (Human)

Study answer

What this study found

Maternal diet during lactation acutely alters HMO composition and shifts the milk microbiome’s functional gene content without major changes to taxonomic composition. In the Glu/Gal cohort, total HMO-bound fucose decreased with glucose versus galactose (p = 0.03); some HMOs increased up to ~50% with galactose and ~30% with high-fat diet. HMO-bound fucose concentration correlated with the relative abundance of bacterial fucosidase, notably in Streptococcus spp. (S. mitis, S. pneumoniae, S. oralis) carrying fucosidase genes; in vitro, fucosylated HMOs (2′FL and LNFP I) promoted growth of S.…

Study & population: Healthy lactating women organized into two cohorts: Glu/Gal cohort (n=7; 8–11 weeks postpartum; obese) and Carb/Fat cohort (n=7; 9–12 weeks postpartum; lean).
Intervention: Glu/Gal cohort: isocaloric, isonitrogenous drink containing either glucose or galactose as the sole carbohydrate source; the sugar drink provided ~60% of daily energy requirement; protein supplement Beneprotein and safflower oil (essential fatty acids) added to the drink to provide an additional 10% of energy; total…
Key limitation: Small sample size (n=7 per cohort) limiting statistical power and multivariate analyses; short intervention durations; non-secretor removal from microbiome analyses reduces generalizability; potential low-biomass milk microbiome contamination despite controls; some HMO data gaps due to sample volume; inability to…

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Original abstract

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