Research paper
Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older U.S. women.
Study answer
What this study found
Calcium intake (total, dietary, and from supplements) is associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome after adjustment for age, energy intake, and lifestyle. Highest vs lowest quintiles showed: total calcium OR 0.64 (0.54-0.77); dietary calcium OR 0.69 (0.58-0.82); supplemental calcium OR 0.84 (0.70-0.99). Adjusting for dietary factors or total vitamin D did not alter these inverse associations. Vitamin D intake was not independently associated with metabolic syndrome after adjusting for calcium. Dietary dairy products also related to lower prevalence (OR 0.66 (0.55-0.80));…
- Study & population
- Observational, prospective cohort analysis of 10,066 women aged 45 years and older from the Women’s Health Study who were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes at baseline and had never used postmenopausal hormones.
- Key limitation
- Cross-sectional analysis cannot establish temporality; dietary assessment has measurement error and may bias toward null; study population was predominantly Caucasian, limiting generalizability; potential residual confounding; calcium and vitamin D intakes are highly correlated, complicating disentanglement of…
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Open PDFOriginal abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether and to what extent intakes of calcium and vitamin D are related to the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged or older women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data from 10,066 women aged > or =45 years participating in …