Administration of a probiotic with peanut oral immunotherapy: A randomized trial.

Study answer

What this study found

The combined probiotic-plus-peanut oral immunotherapy regimen was highly effective for inducing sustained unresponsiveness and desensitization in peanut-allergic children. Sustained unresponsiveness occurred in 23/28 PPOIT-treated participants (82.1%) versus 1/28 placebo recipients (3.6%) (RR 23, 95% CI 3.33-158.8; P < .001), and desensitization occurred in 26/29 (89.7%) versus 2/28 (7.1%) (RR 12.55, 95% CI 3.28-47.99; P < .001). Peanut skin-prick test wheal size was also markedly lower with PPOIT at T1 and T3 than with placebo, and the authors reported immune changes consistent with…

Study & population

This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial in children aged 1 to 10 years with peanut allergy conducted at the Royal Children's Hospital allergy and immunology outpatient clinics in Australia.

Intervention

The active regimen combined Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC 1.3724 at a fixed oral dose of 2 × 10^10 colony-forming units once daily with peanut oral immunotherapy using peanut flour (50% peanut protein) once daily for 18 months.

Key limitation

The trial was relatively small and conducted at a single pediatric center, which limits generalizability.

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Original abstract