Daidzein supplementation decreases serum triglyceride and uric acid concentrations in hypercholesterolemic adults with the effect on triglycerides being greater in those with the GA compared with the GG genotype of ESR-β RsaI.

Six-month intervention in hypercholesterolemic adults aged 40 to 65 years recruited in Chongqing, China. Eligible participants had BMI 18 to 30, were not using lipid-lowering medications or soy/isoflavone supplements, and maintained a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet and habitual lifestyle during the trial. The active arms included DAI40 participants with mean age 54.5 ± 6.6 years and 28/30 male/female, and DAI80 participants with mean age 53.4 ± 6.4 years and 36/24 male/female.

Participants in the active arms received 5 g/day soy isolated protein supplemented with daidzein, taken orally as a powder mixed with water, milk, or porridge for 6 months. Two doses were tested: 40 mg/day (DAI40) and 80 mg/day (DAI80).

Daidzein supplementation for 6 months reduced triglycerides and uric acid, with no meaningful dose-response difference between 40 mg/day and 80 mg/day. Compared with placebo, triglycerides decreased significantly in both the DAI40 and DAI80 groups (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two daidzein doses. In hypertriglyceridemic participants, triglycerides fell by 0.62 ± 0.71 mmol/L (n = 27) in DAI40 and 0.69 ± 0.71 mmol/L (n = 21) in DAI80 versus placebo (n = 22; P < 0.05). Uric acid reductions were greater in the DAI80 group than placebo (P < 0.05), while total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, ApoAI, ApoB, lipoprotein(a), glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin did not differ among groups. Equol status did not modify the response, and pooled genotype analysis suggested a greater triglyceride-lowering effect in ESR-b RsaI GA versus GG carriers.

The trial was limited to hypercholesterolemic adults from a single city in China, which reduces generalizability. Genotype and equol subgroup findings were limited, and the overall intervention effect was specific to triglycerides and uric acid rather than broader lipid or glycemic outcomes. The packet also does not provide full placebo-arm details here, which limits precise appraisal of between-group comparability from the extracted source alone.